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Carmen Harper
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8th Grade Review Part 2
Added Apr 30, 2019
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snow is covered and Australis get to the physics 2nd semester stop the first thing we covered in second semester was energy remember just like matter law of conservation of energy states that energy destroyed it only change forms are two major forms are potential vs. kinetic potential is stored energy kinetic is the energy of motion identify each lowest potential or kinetic to The Rolling Rock rolling it's moving sitting still a potential the top potential member the higher you are the more the bottom of the roller coaster as a roller coaster moves down and gets to the bottom of that Hill it's a mess all kinetic energy in top of its potential bottom of the pendulum now potential and kinetic energy can then be broken down into six forms of energy first heat is thermal energy light energy allows us to see now remember this is also called writing energy let's add that real quick because on the Sol de can use either term electrical energy is the flow of electrons mechanical energy is the energy of moving parts nuclear energy Fusion is nuclei are being glued together fission is a nucleus is I'm getting broken apart chemical energy is the stored energy in chemical bonds now identify which form of energy is present in the examples below is chemical food and batteries are your two best examples of chemical typically on the Sol there's the two examples so use for energy and light radiant energy a lamp light or radiant and thermal for windmills Chain Reaction don't worry about that it's typically chemical but don't worry about it parallel circuit is electrical energy power and house electrical swinging is mechanical energy songs nuclear energy flashlights a bunch of them flashlight starts off as chemical with the batteries then goes to electrical and then light thermal battery chemical in hot water is thermal heat energy can be transferred in one of three ways okay so first of all we have convection think convection Direction you get these convection currents which hot rod cold sinks that's why the app has to be hotter than the basement of your house do you have to have that movement of hot going up cold sinking and it's this convection current that shows us that conduction direct contact so this hot plate is making direct contact with the beaker which is that making direct contact with the water inside of it and last but not least radiation where he radiates in all directions not just going up it's all directions and the Sun is an excellent example this fire is an excellent example of this AR phase-change chart during a phase change temperature does not change K member heat energy is either used to check the temperature or change the face it can't do both so if you start to change the things the temperature will not go up so here from a to be noticed the temperature Rising so it's a solid until it reaches the melting point which is be from B to C you're melting C to D liquid at D you have reached boiling point so from D to f u r born you're doing that face change notice during those two phase changes you are not increasing the temperature that when it's like lions and last but not least two when it's a gas so what state of matter is a to B that's a solid change number to what is the state of matter from z c to d a n that is liquid what is the state of matter it's a gas price of what change in states have to see if you're moving up that is melting Kuiper here give me a call if you're moving across to the West what is the change in state d2e that's vapor Haitian if you're moving to those right if you're moving to the left of condensation skip number 6 cross it out 7 where is the heat of vaporization that is d as time increases what is being added to substance heat does the temperature increase as melting occurs know anytime you have a phase change temperature does not change does it temperature increase as a substance in face yes so next were talking about waves light-waves versus sound waves so we're going to label the waves using these terms to the first wave is a transverse wave Lamberti for transverse right there so the way more perpendicular to the park or motion of the top is called the crab from Crest to Crest Cassidy from trough to trough that is wavelength trough as the bottom amplitude can either be from the resting point to the trough it could also be from the express to the resting Point that's amplitude as well course this is the resting point longitudinal wave longitudinal it moves parallel case of parallel to the direction all right so from compression to compression is a wavelength cross street from where faction being white light when they're tied together that's a compression when they're far apart it's a rarefaction so used to wear bike still on the reading passage all right as waves carry energy sound waves are call logs to require a medium in order to travel to travel faster in warmer temperatures than in cold temperatures the wave can travel through states of matter but travel faster through solids this is because solids this is because and solid some molecules are very close together and influence each other as the wavelength of the wave increases the frequency creases remember if wavelength increases the distance from Crest to Crest or trough to trough if it increases in other words it gets longer the frequency is my wavelength decrease is that my frequencies going to go up so next identify the phenomenon illustrate by the picture below this is Doppler effect and it's a change in sound due to motion for a really really loud or Britax light waves light waves do not require a medium in order to travel they can travel through space is the reason why sunlight gets to Earth it can travel without a median and travel vacuum of empty space many different types of light waves as Illustrated in the electromagnetic spectrum licenses while we see lightning before we hear thunder underline that. I seen that on the Sol several times light travels faster than sound so let's listen to my favorite song aha is that a true Mexican John Ritter extra viruses detecto hosiery go back Spectrum respect let me tell you so bad it's good you're welcome raging martians invade adenus using x-ray. That's how we remember raging martians invade Athena's using x-ray radio waves microwaves infrared radiation what has the highest frequency of gamma rays which one has the lowest frequency radio was the only one we can see visible light and what are the colors color is visible light broken into green blue indigo violet and what happens when you see a green shirt green shirt is being reflected whatever is being reflected are the colors that you see whatever is being absorbed is the colors you don't see when you see white all colors are people selected when you see black all colors are being absorbed so reflection vs. refraction identify each picture below is reflection or refraction summer beach refraction is bending of light waves caused by change in speed a change in the medium so you're going from Air to a liquid so it slows it down reflection is a wave bounces off an object and it wants you to label the parts of reflection for the law of reflection so a is the angle incident why is the incident D is the angle of incident CE is the angle of reflection and D is a reflection remember this angle the angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection so this is 45° angle this one's going to be 45 they're going to be equal lenses and mirrors concave sticks the light the lens caves into the light is going into the cave describes light out and objects appear smaller sticks out so what's going to be the wind brings light together objects appear larger that are opposite for mirrors concave mirror like in and bounce out causing the larger a makeup mirror K is concave so it makes it look larger convex the light hits it on the outside and ounces out and objects look small but you can Marlow white security mirrors got another song for you m bowlocity guy from my Powers off velocity just watch this take me to underline where I did Steve first how fast an object is moving motion is a change in position of an object when compared to a non-moving reference point B is the speed and direction acceleration is a change in velocity so you're either speeding up slowing down or changing direction a decrease in velocity is called negative acceleration or deceleration rate of acceleration depends on both the amount of force a force is a push or pull that is exerted on an object when a strong enough force is applied to an object the object motion changes if you apply for some masabacha car you call the small amount of acceleration if you apply a large force a small object like a tennis ball you'll cause a large amount of acceleration any object that is moving in a straight line at a constant speed not accelerating actually listening to this music as if you put a big circle around this Mouse big circle around the mouth so now we're going to answer the following questions about motion a change in an object's motion object's velocity is the speed of an object direction of motion the rate at which velocity changes acceleration don't forget. All right so Steeples distance over time don't stop trying set your table which mode of transportation is fastest you had to divide distance divided by time or you can just at the state walk-in tryout so is its distance put your finger over the day D equals speed times time so what equals 5 * 120 of 600 that would be something the graphs below and answer the following question which car travel the fastest so the steeper the slope the faster it is our one for the fastest car Ford Road the slowest average speed equals distance divided by total time so we can choose right there Vada by 5% is the speed of object constant or not constant it is constant because it's in a straight line then we'll come out Masters is right amount of object mass is the amount of matter in an object is measured in grams using a balance weight is the measure of force of gravity on an object it is measured in Newtons your weight will change if you travel to the Moon because there is a change in the objects and the distance between the two tell us the picture below and state which position for object will have the greatest gravitational pull on all right so this is like a this right here is a balloon so the softball will have Walmart's right its day because it's closest to the Center of the Earth all right it is IH picture below is Newton's one is loss and breakage describe each one alright so this is the first law or inertia I want this is this is a car the coin and you pull the card out and a coin falls into the beaker we did this and laugh okay that's a nursing things at rest stays at rest things in motion stay in motion unless an outside force is applied Second Law is force equals mass times its so a be harder to stop than the Third Law of action-reaction so when you let go of the balloon the air blows out in one direction that the blood travels in another Direction motion rate decent sticker app cookie on a plate and there's no one in the house will it still on opposite direction first stops quickly what happened friction friction is a force that opposes motion so draw the friction arrows so block is moving up the ramp friction will be pushing it down yes block is moving to the right frictional to shift to the left simple machines the six simple machines are screw wedge lever pulley wheel and axle and complain Lego all the way are the change you see in the wheelbarrow so here's a wedge Lowville inclined plane using formulas put up the answers if you do not know how to do these let me know and I will help you that's right now just let the correct answers days magnetism and electricity static electricity is a buildup of charges on an object you got all the extra electrons and the positive of the wall attracts negative blood when sticks there turn on electricity series vs parallel circuit all right so series remember one big long series or parallel you're going to have circuits that are parallel to each other next to each other all right when you add lights to a series circuit what happens all the lights get dimmer when you added to a parallel circuit the same what happens in a series circuit and a parallel so then you're supposed to complete the illustration you got to close the switch and you got to close the circuit by adding a wire to the battery conductors versus insulators conductors allow but easy flow of electrons insulators jumped so the rubber band is an insulator Kenny is not all metals are conductors it's hard to see the picture but it's a stick clip be conductor or insulator nail doctor all the fields field lines for each of the magnetic don't push against each other but North and South before each other what is electromagnet a temporary magnet wire coil around an iron core the four ways Quarles at coils increase the current music that's it that's all the stuff so make sure you get this done and you're ready
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