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Atomic Theory Notes
Added Oct 17, 2018
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So today we're going to start our unit on atoms elements and the periodic table basics how we threw the corporation collaboration and building on one scientific discoveries the next one taken at building on it how we figured out the structure of a little video that will help you visualize the discoveries what do an ancient Greek philosopher in a 19th century Quaker have in common with Nobel prize-winning scientists although they're separated 2400 years of History each of them contributed to answering the Eternal question what is stuff made of it was around 4:40 BCE that Democritus first proposed that everything in the world was tiny particles surrounded by empty space and he even speculated that they vary in size and shape depending on the substance that compose he called these particles atomos Greek for individual his ideas were opposed by the more popular philosophers of his dead Aristotle for instance disagree completely stating instead that matter was made of four elements earth wind water and fire most later scientists follow suit Adams would remain all but forgotten until 1808 when a Quaker teacher name is John Dalton sought to challenge Aristotelian Theory pertussis atomism had been purely theoretical don't showed that common substances always broke down into the same elements in the same proportions he concluded that the various compounds were combinations of atoms of different elements each of a particular size and mass that could neither be created nor destroyed though he received many honors for his work as a Quaker Dalton live modestly until the end of this day's atomic theory was now accepted by the sign Community but the next major advancement would not come until nearly a century later with a physicist JJ Thompson's 1897 discovery of the electron in what we might call the chocolate chip cookie model of the atom he showed Adams as uniformly packed spheres of positive matter filled with negatively charged electrons Thompson won a Nobel Prize in 1906 for his electron Discovery but his model of the atom didn't stick around long this is because he happen to have some pretty smart students including a certain Ernest Rutherford who would become known as the father of the nuclear age while studying the effects of x-rays on Weatherford decided to investigate Adams more closely by shooting small positively charged alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil under Thomson's model of the atom Stanley dispersed positive charge would not be enough it's like the particles in any one place the effect would have been like a bunch of tennis balls punching through a thin paper screen but while most of the particles in passed through some bounced right back suggesting that the foil was more like a thick neck with a very large mesh Rutherford concluded that atoms consist of largely of empty space with just a few electrons while most of the mass was concentrated in the center which he turned the nucleus the alpha particles pass Freda gatz but bounced back from a dense positively charged nucleus but the atomic theory wasn't complete just yet in 1913 another of Thompson students by the Niels Bohr expanded on Rutherford's new trying to clear work by Max Planck and Albert Einstein he stipulated that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energies and distances able to jump from one level to another not to exist in the between Bohr's planetary model took centre-stage but soon it to encounter some complications experiments have shown that rather than simply being discrete particles electrons simultaneously behaved like waves not being confined to a particular point in space and in formulating his famous uncertainty principle Furniture Heisenberg showed it was impossible to determine both the exact position and speed of electrons as they around an atom the idea that electrons cannot be pinpointed but exist within a range of possible locations gave rise to the current Quantum model of the atom of fascinating Theory with a whole new set of complexities vacations have yet to be fully dressed even though our understanding of atoms keeps changing the basic fact of atoms remains so let's celebrate the Triumph of atomic theory with some fireworks as electrons circling an ad shift between energy levels they absorb or release energy in the form of specific wavelengths of light resulting in all the marvelous colors we see and we can imagine Democritus watching from somewhere satisfied that over to Millennium later he turned out to have been right all along so we're going to be talking about order that you're ready for the quiz so you need to get a note sheet what you're going to do if you're going to cut all the way around it very very outside if I'm cutting and you want to cut based on this cuz if not you accidentally cut this off turn on the song then what you're going to want to do is you're going to want to cut on these dotted line and then you just fold it over so that you have and this will be your kind of that we will. Glue in just a second but before you go out and let's get to notes down so that you don't have to write on Glucerna it's really hard to write on very bottom what you want to ride or these notes 460 BC supposed to all things were made of Thomas which means indivisible and these are the indestructible and always in motion so this is where Democritus open up John Dalton's model and you need to write an 18 3 a teacher at the Quaker School John. I'll revisit Democritus hypothesis and he states that atoms are like solid or a billiard ball K member is. Dalton's. Cuz. Don't just thought it was a solid sphere. So right all these nuts and then continue next 1897 JJ Thomson's Plum Pudding model 1897 he discovered electron so he discovered the atom while studying electricity electrons were stuck in a positive ending chain feel like chocolate chips in it which is stuck in it so he add add an atom is made up two different things from positive and stuck inside the positive stay for like these negative little chocolate chips when she called electron which remember this is tasty treats chocolate chip cookies just a popular dessert in his day continue with the next star next guys in 1912 he was doing a gold foil experiment she was shooting electrons through the Amazon bounce that got through and he said well that's true there must be a death central point setter call the nucleus Photon for getting through occasionally it will hit that. did the really cool experiments the gold foil experiment are actually just pretty much snacks and he was 1913 she said that you have the Electro on the outside and he said they orbit around Earth planetary the electrons are the electrons orbiting around that nucleus and this is called the planetary model and it was boring little circles around the nucleus Neil Bohr's a boring model 1930 in this is the cloud model this is the most recent model and it is also called and it said that electrons move all over the place and he said that there's no way for us to predict where is the electron is at a certain time because I can't predict around your head so it's just like a cloud this is electron cloud what you need to do first name last name would I block you are one day one day whatever you happen to be and then put it in the assignment pray for me so now we're going to quickly review Atomic scientists Quizlet the video BF and then it'll be this Quizlet so click on this Quizlet and just a second and what you're going to do these words first one and Democritus Is that real fancy names then. . model said she's right there. Then Came To Remember tasty treat just a solid sphere that they're actually parts to that Spear and he said it's kind of like Plum Pudding or chocolate chip cookie so you got all the chocolate chip cookies the positive part chocolate chips are the negative electron to he was the one that discovered electrons Thomson discovered electrons tasty treat Rutherford with his really cool experiment is the one that discovered the with the gold foil experiment the nuclear model had a really boring model where the electrons just orbit around the nucleus where electrons are orbiting can you have the most recent one which included predict gnats flying around your head former cloud of electrons electrons that's the most recent one so what I want you to do first and foremost and I want you to study using disk you can just do you like to study this one so you can study the atomic model scientists set and then you're going to study so won't you study that for like 10-15 minutes and you really really good at it but I want you to now do is study the atomic theory Quizlet number to so study that for 10-15 minutes I want you to come because we're going to use this tomorrow we're going to build on this tomorrow so continue to study
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Carmen Harper
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